Under United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 10, reducing inequalities within and among countries—and ensuring that no one is left behind—is an integral part of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Inequality within and between countries remains a persistent cause for concern.
The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic appear to be reversing any positive trends in reducing income inequality. The pandemic has also intensified structural and systemic discrimination. Recovery has been slower in emerging markets and developing economies, widening income gaps between countries. Globally, the number of refugee and migrant deaths reached the highest absolute level on record in 2021.
Meanwhile, the ongoing war in Ukraine has forced even more people to flee their homes, creating one of the largest refugee crises in recent history.
In many countries, the income of the poorest people has been increasing faster than the national average, showing some positive progress in reducing inequality. However, the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted this improvement and increased the gap between rich and poor. It also led to a rise in inequality between countries. Around the world, many people still face discrimination, especially women and individuals with disabilities, which limits their access to equal opportunities.
In 2022, the number of refugees reached a record high, with around 34.6 million people forced to leave their homes. Migration also became more dangerous, with thousands of deaths reported globally. To reduce inequality, it is important to ensure fair distribution of resources, improve access to education and skill development, and strengthen social protection systems. Supporting disadvantaged communities and promoting equality can help build a more inclusive and balanced society.
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